Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote.

The evolutionary success of higher plants relies on a very short gametophytic phase, which underlies the sexual reproduction cycle. Sexual plant reproduction takes place in special organs of the flower: pollen, the male gametophyte, is released from the anthers and then adheres, grows and interacts along various tissues of the female organs, collectively known as the pistil. Finally, it fertili...

Plant Sexual Reproduction : Aspects of Interaction , History and Regulation Michiel

Sexual reproduction in angiosperms is an interactive process involving the sporophyte, gametophytes, embryo and endosperm as well as the environment, aimed at achieving pollination, fertilization and dispersal. This interaction occurs via an interface with nutrients and signals outside the cell and even outside the plant. Sexual reproduction has a history. In water, algae have different types o...

Relation of Carotinoid Pigments to Sexual Reproduction in Plants.

WHEN certain typical plants, such as Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), Salvia (Salvia splendens) and soybeans (Soja max) are exposed to a short photoperiod (7to 8-hour day) and a relatively long one (14to 15-hour day) they exhibit conspicuous differences in rate of growth, time of sexual reproduction and greenness of foliage. The short-day soybean plants, for instance, are lighter in color early in t...

Why plants make puzzle cells, and how their shape emerges

The shape and function of plant cells are often highly interdependent. The puzzle-shaped cells that appear in the epidermis of many plants are a striking example of a complex cell shape, however their functional benefit has remained elusive. We propose that these intricate forms provide an effective strategy to reduce mechanical stress in the cell wall of the epidermis. When tissue-level growth...

The Male Gametophyte of Flowering Plants.